The History of Veterans Day

Veterans Day is a United States public holiday observed on November 11 of every year to honor all persons who have served in any branch of the United States Armed Forces. On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918, World War I ended. This day became known as Armistice Day. In 1921, an unknown World War I American soldier was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Similarly, unknown soldiers had been buried in England at Westminster Abbey and at France at the Arc de Triomphe. All of these memorials took place on November 11th to commemorate the end of the war to end all wars. In 1926, Congress resolved to officially call November 11th Armistice Day. Then in 1938, the day was named a national holiday. Soon afterward war broke out in Europe, and World War II began. Armistice Day Becomes Veterans Day Soon after the end of World War II, a veteran of that war named Raymond Weeks organized National Veterans Day with a parade and festivities to honor all veterans. He chose to hold this on Armistice Day. Thus began annual observances of a day to honor all veterans, not just the end of World War I. In 1954, Congress officially passed and President Dwight Eisenhower signed a bill proclaiming November 11 as Veterans Day. Due to his part in the creation of this national holiday, Raymond Weeks received the Presidential Citizens Medal from President Ronald Reagan in November 1982. In 1968, Congress changed the national commemoration of Veterans Day to the fourth Monday in October. However, the significance of November 11 was such that the changed date never really got established. In 1978, Congress returned the observance of Veterans Day to its traditional date. Celebrating Veterans Day National ceremonies commemorating Veterans Day occur each year at the memorial amphitheater built around the Tomb of the Unknowns. At 11 AM on November 11, a color guard representing all military services executes â€Å"Present Arms† at the tomb. Then the presidential wreath is laid upon the tomb. Finally, the bugler plays taps. Each Veterans Day should be a time when Americans stop and remember the brave men and women who have risked their lives for the United States of America. As Dwight Eisenhower said:   ...it is well for us to pause, to acknowledge our debt to those who paid so large a share of freedoms price. As we stand here in grateful remembrance of the veterans contributions we renew our conviction of individual responsibility to live in ways that support the eternal truths upon which our Nation is founded, and from which flows all its strength and all its greatness. Difference Between Veterans Day and Memorial Day Veterans Day is often  confused with Memorial Day. Observed annually on the last Monday in May, Memorial Day is the holiday set aside to pay tribute to persons who died while serving in the U.S. military. Veterans Day pays tribute to all people — living or deceased — who have served in the military. In this context, Memorial Day events are often more somber in nature than those held on Veterans Day. On  Memorial Day, 1958, two unidentified soldiers were interred at Arlington National Cemetery having died in World War II and the  Korean War. In 1984, an unknown soldier who died in the  Vietnam War  was placed next to the others. However, this last soldier was later exhumed, and he was identified as Air Force 1st Lieutenant Michael Joseph Blassie. Therefore, his body was removed. These unknown soldiers are symbolic of all Americans who gave their lives in all wars. To honor them, an Army honor guard keeps day and night vigil. Witnessing the changing of the guards at Arlington National Cemetery is a truly moving event. Updated by Robert Longley

Human Resource Management Recruitment And Selection

The focus of recruitment and selection has been how to match the capabilities and inclinations of potential applicants with the requirements and rewards of a given job. It can be said that recruitment and selection represent one of the most important human resource management functions which can serve as the basis for a sustainable competitive advantage over contenders. This implies that the success and even the survival of a company generally depend on the caliber of the workforce. The best prospective employees are normally identified through effective recruitment and selection processes, such as interviewing, testing, and reference checking so that the right candidates are appointed to the right roles by using fair and equitable evaluation activities. The cost of rehiring and retaining employees should signal the importance of hiring the right candidate for the right position in the first attempt (Ullah, 2010). However, it is crucial for organizations to solidify their choices by conducting reference checks since past behavior or performance can be the best indicator of future performance. Conducting reference checks may ensure that an organization finds the most qualified potential employee to match the position and to avoid costs linked with failed probation periods and poor performance. Reference checks or reports can also help an organization to gain greater insights into the potential employee s knowledge, skills, and abilities from someone who has truly watched theShow MoreRelatedRecruitment Selection - Human Resource Management4001 Words   |  17 Pages1.2 Why recruitment amp; selection is an important part of HRM 4 1.3 Consequence of poor selection 6 2.0 Critical nature of Recruitment amp; Selection 6 2.1 Recruitment 6 2.1.1 Recruitment process (Fisher et al., 2006) 6 2.1.2 Recruitment objectives 7 2.1.3 Recruitment methods 7 2.1.3.1 Internal Recruitment method 7 2.1.3.2 External Recruitment method 7 2.2. Selection 8 2.2.1 Selection policy 8 2.2.2 Selection process 8 2.2.3 Selection methods 9 2.4 Steps used in selection processRead MoreRecruitment Selection - Human Resource Management3985 Words   |  16 Pagesfunctions 4 1.2 Why recruitment amp; selection is an important part of HRM 4 1.3 Consequence of poor selection 6 2.0 Critical nature of Recruitment amp; Selection 6 2.1 Recruitment 6 2.1.1 Recruitment process (Fisher et al., 2006) 6 2.1.2 Recruitment objectives 7 2.1.3 Recruitment methods 7 2.1.3.1 Internal Recruitment method 7 2.1.3.2 External Recruitment method 7 2.2. Selection 8 2.2.1 Selection policy 8 2.2.2 Selection process 8 2.2.3 Selection methods 9 2.4 StepsRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Is Important For Human Resource Management869 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature review As mentioned above, recruitment and selection is a very important part of human resource management. The future employees have to match with the organization its strategy and culture. Moreover, a proper way of recruitment and selection can provide an organization with a competitive advantage. Recruitment and selection is an important process when starting a company, because if you start off with ineffective human resources it will make it a lot harder for the organization to performRead MoreHuman Resource Management - Recruitment and Selection Process7389 Words   |  30 Pages HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESSES BADLI SHAH MUHAMAD SALLEH 6091010491 AZWAN ISMAIL 6101025931 JUDE E. EDEIGBU 6093015151 MOHSEN ALI SALEH 6101025881 UNISEL GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT (UGSM) SEKOLAH SISWAZAH PENGURUSAN UNISEL Table of Contents 1 PART 1: INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION 4 2 PART 2 (a): ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 5 2.1 INITIAL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 5 2.2 CURRENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 6 3 PART 2 (b): HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTRead MoreHuman resource management. Topic on recruitment and selection.4325 Words   |  18 Pagesyour eyes. Every now and then people in life can do the same thing.Executive Proverb. IntroductionRecruitment and selection is an integral part of human resource management and more specifically as part of the human resource planning process. As future graduates we wanted to get a better understanding of what awaits us in terms of securing future employment. Recruitment and selection is widely researched and discussed by HRM academics, therefore there was a great wealth of materials available. TheRead MoreLiterature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management1779 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Introduction Staffing is one of the main functions on Human Resource Management, refer to International Human Resource Management perspective, staffing will be more important on the managing by the headquartered company to their subsidiaries in order to gain more competitive advantage for them. As a company want to achieve the mind of globalization, they must choose a suitable staffing approach in orderRead More: the basic functions of Human Resource Management: planning and forecasting human resource requirements, recruitment and selection, appraisal, evaluation and employee motivation. UOP: MGT 4311823 Words   |  8 Pagesof the Human Resource Management (HRM) function. Included in this paper are key topics discussed in this module: the basic functions of Human Resource Management: planning and forecasting human resource requirements, recruitment and selection, appraisal, evaluation and employee motivation. Additionally, this paper addresses employee quality of life and productivity programs and improving the physical work environment. The relationships between successful business and Human Resource Management are examinedRead MoreCase Study : My Assigned Parts 1383 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintenance, improved after sale services and most importantly the accessibility to the technical staff to attain customer satisfaction and become prestigious company in the business market. 1. Human Resource Management (HRM) 1.1 Introduction Human resource management (HRM) is a subdivision of management that focuses on how to attract, employ, train, motivate, and retain employees. The energetic and enthusiastic employees become a source of competitive advantage in a global environment facing changeRead MoreHrm. Recruitment and Selection Report1715 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Management. Recruitment and selection report. February 2008 1770 Words Human Resources Management. Human Resources Management (HRM) is described by Michael Armstrong in A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice as â€Å"strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets - the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business† . One of the main parts of HRM is theRead MoreThe Human Resource Management System1234 Words   |  5 PagesRecruitment and Selection constitute the main functions of the human resource management system Recruitment and selection are two critical functions of human resource management. Taking into consideration both the capacities the recruitment process goes before the selection capacity. These functions form is basically the core fundamental that engulf the human resource management and includes that of talent acquisition and training and development and even rewards for the employees. For a

Anthrax and Smallpox Free Essays

One major difference between the pathogens that cause anthrax and smallpox is that anthrax is a form of bacteria while smallpox is an example of a virus,   Anthrax is caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. B. anthracis was the first bacterium which was shown to cause disease by Robert Koch in 1877. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthrax and Smallpox or any similar topic only for you Order Now B. anthracis has two forms – vegetative and spore state. In its spore state, the bacteria can lay dormant for years. When the spore enters a host, the bacterium reactivates into its vegetative state and then cause disease. It is the spores of the bacterium which is used as a biological weapon. Smallpox on the other hand caused by the variola virus. Unlike anthrax which is communicated via its spore state, smallpox virus is directly communicated directly from host to host via respiratory droplets or contact with bodily fluids. Smallpox is a biological weapon due to the successful efforts of the WHO to eradicate the disease. With smallpox eliminated, no one has any immunity from the disease and the release of a smallpox sample will have disastrous effects on the population. 2. Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Plague is spread to human hosts after being bit by fleas which carry the disease or through contact with infected animals. While causing severe deaths in Europe during the Middle Ages, modern day plague is curable with antibiotics though it can still be lethal when left untreated. To this day, plague outbreaks are still caused by flea infested rat populations. In rural areas, squirrels and other known flea vectors are known carriers of the plague bacteria. Anthrax as mentioned spreads as spores which are reactivated once inside a host. The environment rich in sugars and amino acids triggers the reversal of the spores into an active state. Anthrax can enter the body in three ways – through inahalation, digestion or through entry in small cracks in the skin. 3. The role of the WHO in preparing for anthrax is that of a think tank. The WHO cannot directly move to prevent the spread of anthrax in countries but it offers valuable aid for the anti-anthrax actions of member countries in the UN. It acts as a well respected adviser on anthrax related issues. We can think of the WHO as providing a service for the anti-biological weapon efforts of the UN member countries. Some of the services the WHO provides include training activities, disseminating information and providing a number of experts to aid in the identification, diagnosis and treatment of anthrax outbreaks. These services are provided to member countries and medical laboratories worldwide. 4.   The most pressing factor for the spread of plague are rats. Rats carry fleas which are the vectors for the disease. Apart from rats, some contributing factors to plague outbreaks include incidences of poverty, war, and civil disturbances. A weak public health infrastructure as well as poor facilities are also contributing factors to the spread of plague into an outbreak. The best way to manage a plague outbreak is through rapid identification and localization. With rapid treatment and action, the mortality levels of plague can be reduced from 60% to less than 15%. To aid with the quick actions on plague, a rapid diagnostic test has been developed. The new test reduces confirmation from 15 days down to 15 minutes. With rapid confirmation, the authorities can more quickly respond to the outbreaks of plague and prevent further contamination of the population. Bibliography University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Center for Biosecurity. (October 8, 2007) Smallpox Fact Sheet. In Center for Biosecurity. Retrieved November 10, 2008 from http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/focus/agents_diseases/fact_sheets/smallpox.html University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Center for Biosecurity. (October 8, 2007) Anthrax Fact Sheet. In Center for Biosecurity. Retrieved November 10, 2008 from http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/focus/agents_diseases/fact_sheets/anthrax.html    How to cite Anthrax and Smallpox, Papers

Management Of Patients Referred Low Risk - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Of Patients Referred Low Risk? Answer: Introducation Financial risk: it will translate in audit risk in case the Companys cash flows are inadequate to fulfill the financial obligations. This will make shareholders to lose money which they initially invested in the company. When the auditor realizes that the financial statement is incorrect because of the cash flow, he/she will give a clear report of the fact stated (audit risk) ((William, Glover and Prawitt 2016)). Expansion Risk: This translate into audit risk in a situation where the Manager of the company has less information and are unable to understand the risk associated with growing businesses. When the cost of growing increases, profit of the business will remain constant or falls and this will make financial statement incorrect. Hence, the auditor will give the audit risk to help him in his final report. Information technology risk: Companies that relies on IT systems in performing daily activities faces threat in their system and if not address may make them perform at a loss. If the threat affects the finance department it may interfere with the actual data available and hence, the financial statement will be incorrect. Auditor may then use the audit risk collected to give a report of his/her opinion. Cyber security RISK: This is a business issue because most of the companies are more digitized which means they are exposed to many number of threats. Therefore, they mostly encounter risk of security. Modern technologies are providing more advance tools which are being used to attack the business. The auditor may detect these items and translate them into Audit risk (Hayes, Wallage and Gortemaker 2014). Project Risk: These are uncertain events which when occur cause an effect on the performance of project objectives. Some of the events can be controlled by the organization but some may originate from external and therefore cannot be easily identified by the organization. The auditor will therefore use the available information in the audit risk to in order to give a clear standing of the organization. Effects on Audit Assessment of Audit Risk Audit risk is that risk which the auditor could issue an unqualified report because of the failure of the auditor to detect substantial/material misstatement because of fraud or error. In this case, the auditor expresses an inappropriate opinion on financial statement. In other words, the auditor issues the incorrect opinion on financial statements. Examples include issuing an unqualified audit report whereby a qualification is justified reasonably; issuing a qualified audit opinion whereby no qualification is essential; failing to stress a substantial matter in audit report and provision of an opinion on financial statement whereby no such opinion could be given reasonably because of a material limitation of audit performance scope (Hayes, Wallage and Gortemaker 2014). The audit risk has three elements or components including inherent risk, control risk and detection risk. This can be caused by various factors including financial risk, expansion risk, ICT risk, cyber security risk a nd project risk. The effects of these factors on the audit risk assessment is detailed below: Financial Risk The assessment of audit risk is greatly dependent on financial risk. For example, in concealment in this type of risk will automatically increase the likelihood of audit risk as the audit directly fail to get material facts (Allen and Hilton 2017). For instance, where the credit risks element is not disclosed, the audit may not know the credit of the firm and hence issue unqualified audit report. Expansion Risk As the business expands, much risk are associated with the expansion. Therefore, where the organization conceals or doses not disclose these risks, the audit will have no option in assessing them and hence provide an unqualified audit report which may not necessarily reflect the true picture of the audited firm. Information Technology Risk The ICT development puts the audit work in both threats and psychology. For example, manager might use advanced technologies to conceal some materials facts in their financial statements thereby leading to auditor lacking such information that would otherwise be helpful to present a true picture of the company (Cohen, Krishnamoorthy, and Wright 2017). Cyber Security Risk The cyber security risk greatly influence the audit work. For example, the audit might not know what these are doing parallel to the period of auditing. Therefore, the audit will issue a report which lacks the information on the effect of cybercrime. Thus, the audit report will never be a true reflection of the firm. Project Risk Audit work is greatly affected by the project risk. As the business is involved in a new project, the information about the project might be scanty hence misleading the audit. In this case, the likelihood of giving audit risk will be higher as compared to establish project that has all the risks already identified (William, Glover and Prawitt 2016). References Allen, C. and Hilton, D., 2017, November. Local audit of the assessment and management of patients referred to the low risk TIA clinic at Heatherwood Hospital. InINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE(Vol. 12, pp. 57-57). 1 Olivers Yard, 55 City Road, London Ec1y 1sp, England: Sage Publications Ltd. Cohen, J., Krishnamoorthy, G. and Wright, A., 2017. Enterprise risk management and the financial reporting process: The experiences of audit committee members, CFOs, and external auditors.Contemporary Accounting Research,34(2), pp.1178-1209. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016. Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

20 Microbiology Dissertation Topics

20 Microbiology Dissertation Topics Previously, we discussed 10 facts for dissertation on microbiology in our first guide on this topic. We’re confident that these facts must have allowed you to grasp some credible information on microbiology, on which you can start writing immediately. To make things easier, we have included two more guides for you. In this second guide you’re going to get acquainted with 20 microbiology dissertation topics relevant to microbiology. This will help you in writing your thesis as you will not have to scratch your head searching for ideas. Many students just don’t know where to start, which is why these topics can come in handy. Furthermore, we have also included a short sample dissertation essay. This sample essay would allow you to know how a dissertation is structured. We have also stated some references to help you find more information on a specific topic if you decide to choose it for your dissertation. After you’re done reading this guide, we highly recommend you to read the last guide, how to write a good dissertation on microbiology, which would definitely help you compose a stellar dissertation paper. Without further ado let’s pay attention to our topics: A Microbiological Analysis of Shea Butter Sold in Washington, US A Dissertation Paper on Tapeworms and The Dangers Associated With Them A Microbiological Characterization of Ebola Virus The Spreading of Influenza in World War II and its Effects on the War Cellular Microbiology: The Use of Restriction-Modification (R-M) The Clinical Outcomes of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections Applied Microbiology: How Microorganisms can Generate BioFuels The Aetiological Agent of Johnes Disease: Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis aka MAP – The Most Important Bacterial Pathogen in Ruminants How the Study of Microorganisms Has Prevented Life-Threatening Diseases The Important Role of Microbiology in Pharmaceutical and Food Industries The Invention of Microscope and the Impact on How we Know Microbiology A Dissertation Paper on the Fermentation of Starch and The Activities and Specificities of Enzymes in it A Study on Microorganisms Found in Onions The Correlation of Malaria and Some Species of Plasmodium (a Microorganism) A Study in Microbiology: The Diagnoses of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) A Study on Bacterias that can Withstand One of the Most Powerful Antimicrobial (Antibiotics) without Hassle A Microbiological Study on the Effects of Obesity on Patients with High Blood Pressure A Microbiological Study on How Yogurts are Commercially Prepared in New York A Dissertation Paper on Wetland Bacteria, its Properties, and its Functionalities A Thorough Research and Study on Cyanophycin: a Bacterial Polymer There you have it! These topics surely have opened up your mind towards writing your dissertation paper. To make things even easier, we have chosen one of the topics mentioned above, to provide you with a short dissertation sample essay, so you can have quite a good idea on how it’s structured: Sample Essay on the Invention of Microscopes around 1590 that Opened a Whole New World of Microorganisms For over a millennia, humans could see nothing smaller than the thickness of their hair, until around the 1590, when the microscope was invented. Through this pioneer instrument, humans were able to see previously hidden world of microorganisms – living in foods we eat, water we drink and even the air we breath in. But there is a problem in the history itself; Nobody knows for sure who invented the microscope, but there are three geniuses, who are mentioned as the inventors of this incredible instrument: Hans Janssen and Zacharias Janssen. These two brilliant inventors are known to have worked as a father-son team. However, there is a third name as well. Many historians claim the inventor to be the famous Hans Lippershey, known for filing the first patent for a telescope. Coincidently, the Janssens were living in the same town where Lippershey was living in. However, the letters of Dutch Diplomat William Borrell, initially sent to the physician of French King, stated that Zacharias Janssen talked about the microscope. But it was only talking, and the invention was really seen years after. At the time of the letter, which was in the early 1590s, Zacharias was also a teenager, so the historians argue about that too. Nevertheless, whoever invented this instrument, did a marvelous job. The first microscope was a significant milestone, but it needed improvements that were obtained thanks to the names like Galileo, Robert Hooke, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Koch, Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll. However, the correct time when microscopes evolved was in the beginning of the 21st century when Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll invented the electron microscope, which is now used worldwide. This particular lens could resolve objects that were smaller than the wavelength of visible light, which had become the barrier of previous microscopes. The electron microscope has revolutionized the study of micro-organisms. Today, a variety of microscopes can be found in labs, including but not limited to: reflecting microscopes, ultraviolet microscopes, confocal microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, and even some modern microscopes that can show a single atom. In simple words, the invention of microscopes didn’t only give rise to the study of microorganisms, which we call microbiology, but it also revolutionized other aspects of science and had helped scientists in researching and developing their theories. Due to the invention of microscope, microbiologists can now figure out which bacterias are actually needed for human survival and which are not. Through the use of a microscope, microbiologists can also understand how pathogens (the harmful bacteria) work, and how this form of bacteria can be safely exterminated. Due to this innovation, we are creating new milestones in the world of medicine and have eradicated several diseases from the face of this earth. We are also working on cures for cancer and HIV due to these technological advancements. Great! Now you have the topics, as well as a sample essay to give you a head start in composing your dissertation paper. Let’s head on to our final guide to get to know how a dissertation is actually written and structured. References: Mouton, J. M., Helaine, S., Holden, D. W., Sampson, S. L. (2016). Elucidating population-wide mycobacterial replication dynamics at the single-cell level. Microbiology. Drancourt, M., Michel-Lepage, A., Boyer, S., Raoult, D. (2016). The Point-of-Care Laboratory in Clinical Microbiology. Clinical microbiology reviews, 29(3), 429-447. Nunes-Alves, C. (2016). Applied microbiology: Shining a light on biofuels. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14(2), 63-63. Attar, N. (2016). Cellular microbiology: Damage limitation after friendly fire. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14(3), 130-130. Rathnaiah, G., Bannantine, J. P., Bayles, D. O., Zinniel, D. K., Stabel, J. R., Grà ¶hn, Y. T., Barletta, R. G. (2016). Analysis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis mutant libraries reveals loci-dependent transposition biases and strategies for novel mutant discovery. Microbiology, 162(4), 633-641. Forchhammer, K., Watzer, B. (2016). Microbiology Comment. Microbiology, 162(5), 727-729.

Effects of the Second World

Effects of the Second World Outline Thesis statement: Canada participated fully in the Second World War until 1945. Although it emerged triumphant, many problems were witnessed later on. The main problem was cultural integration between immigrants and Canadian natives. This paper analyzes the effects of the Second World.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Effects of the Second World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After participating in the in the Second World War, soldiers came back victorious in 1945 with a lot of optimism and apprehension. Canadian contribution in the war earned it respect from major world powers. The great depression that came after the events of the Second World War left many people depressed and deprived economically. It took the country several years to adjust to the postwar state of affairs. The years between 1945 and 1950 were very important because they are the foundation of modern Canada. The war affected Canadia ns in a number of ways especially in the economic front. The state changed its foreign policy mainly to strengthen diplomatic relations with one of the superpowers- the United States. This meant that previous ties with Britain had deteriorated. Canadian population had increased mainly because of immigration. Other communities sought refuge to Canada because of its peaceful environment. During the Cold War, Canada was forced to participate fully since it was a supporter of capitalism. The Gouzenko Affair was a real test for Canadian authorities. Canada was persuaded to arrest the agent after suspicion that he was involved in spying the government over nuclear technology. Between 1948 and 1957, Canada emerged as one of the influential states in the world politics. The period is popularly referred to as Golden Age. Lester Pearson and Louis St. Laurent are the leaders associated with Canadian fame during the Golden Age. Pearson understood the importance of hegemonic powers in the world affairs since he was a distinguished historian. He later on became the country’s Prime Minister in 1963.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His rule strengthened Canada’s position in the international system (Chapnick 107). Pearson could influence the world powers such as the US and Britain to appreciate Canada’s contribution to the global affairs. For instance, he contributed in the establishment of North Atlantic Organization Treaty (NATO), which is a major political and military organization in the modern world. Canada has never been the same again since 1963. The inconsistencies and conflicts in war torn British controlled regions influenced Canadian population. This is because many people migrated to Canada, which brought about changes in socio-cultural and economic development. Cho argues in her book that Chinese preferred a shift to Canada becaus e they had relatives there. The Second World War caused many social and economic problems in Canada. Soldiers came back with many children implying that the state was unable to provide quality life to all individuals. Cho examines that Chinese and other immigrants were forced to survive at the mercy of the bourgeoisie. Wealthy Canadians mistreated immigrants and other low wage laborers because they had no alternative. Lily Cho elucidates that formation of classes and accumulation of resources worsened the conditions of foreigners in the state. Cultural values were not respected at all. Material accumulation was the priority of each individual meaning that capitalism had taken root in the country. However, the Chinese advanced their culture through meals implying that they prepared rare banquets that distinguished them from other groups in society. Cho shows that Chinese efforts to bolster their culture through food did not prevent them from being oppressed by the powerful in society (Cho 86). The Second World War caused more harm than good to Canadians. Population increased and subsequent struggle for scarce resources contributed to social evils such as crime and prostitution. Cho’s findings are valuable and applicable to the understanding of Canadian history. The only problem with her postulations is that she presents Canadian society as having only a single conflict. Canadian history can be explained in a number of ways. Cho does not discuss the issue of women such as their struggle to freedom. She only focuses on the conflict between Chinese and colonialists.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Effects of the Second World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chapnick, Adam. The Middle Power Project: Canada and the Founding of the United Nations. McGill: University of British Columbia Press, 2005. Cho, Lily. Eating Chinese: Culture on the Menu in Small Town Canada, cultural spaces. Tor onto: University of Toronto Press, 2010.

Structure of the Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Assignment

Structure of the Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Golgi Dody, and Lysosomes - Assignment Example The main function of the cell is to control the expression of proteins (as directed by DNA and RNA). The nucleus itself is a membrane-bound organelle, which means that it is slightly separated by a thin membrane from the rest of the cell components (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). However, this poses a challenge as messages need to be carried from the enclosed DNA found in chromosomes to the rest of the cell, which is why there are nuclear pores to allow the passage of water-soluble molecules (Campbell & Reece, 2005). The chromosomes themselves are mostly found tightly-packed as chromatin (except during replication), and this function allows the huge amount of human DNA to be contained within each cell (Campbell & Reece, 2005). The structure of these chromosomes changes throughout the cell cycle, particularly relating to cell division. During mitosis or meiosis (cell division), chromatin structures become more condensed and as a result of this change in structure, transcription stops. D uring mitosis, structures known as microtubules form, anchoring the chromatid to the cell wall. This attachment is what allows the cell to divide, splitting sister chromatids in two to form two haploid daughter cells (Campbell & Reece, 2005).... The ER itself is generally split into two sections, known as the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth. The rough ER plays a part in the synthesis of proteins, which is why its surface is covered in ribosomes involved in the process (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). The ribosomes themselves are bound to the rough ER on a transitory basis, depending on the signal from the nucleus (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). In fact, the reason that the rough ER is so-called is because the fact that it is studded with these ribosomes makes it look rough under an electron microscope (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). The ribosomes themselves only bind to the rough ER as required by the cell, and are associated with the initialization of protein-synthesis for part of a secretory pathway (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). The smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of lipids required by the cell. It is the increased surface area created by the smooth ER that allows the action of enzymes involved in lipid and ster oid synthesis. Each part of the ER thus has a distinct function in regulating cell behavior. Ribosomes Ribosomes are found within all living cells and are primarily involved in protein synthesis, also known as translation (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). To do this, the ribosomes link together amino acids (found within the cell) to a template specified from messenger RNA (mRNA). This message, in turn, has come from the DNA code found within the nucleus. There are two subunits which comprise a ribosome; the small unit which reads the mRNA template, and the larger unit which anchors small amino acid units together to create a larger, fully formed protein (Campbell & Reece, 2005).

The organisation in it's Environment Case Study

The organisation in it's Environment - Case Study Example There is an Executive Team which includes the Chairman and Chief Software Architect, the CEO, the General Counsel and Secretary, the Chief Financial Officer, senior and group vice presidents from the business units, the CEO of the Europe, the Middle East and Africa regions; the heads of Worldwide Sales, Marketing and Services; Human Resources; and Corporate Marketing. 1) Microsoft is one of the leading brands and one of the top companies featured in Fortune 500 list of companies. The operating system Windows, provided by Microsoft, is one of the most favorite operating systems of most of the people across the world. Apart from this, the office suit supplied by Microsoft which includes MS Word, MS excel etc. can be found on almost all the computers across the globe. Not only does it provide software for home and office computers, laptops and mobile devices but it also is one of the leaders in the Market of servers, gaming products and hardware devices. 2) Creating a Brand Name is one of the toughest jobs for a company. Microsoft has been very successful in creating a Brand Name for itself and is therefore increasing the names in the list of its customers every single hour. 1) The on-line support provided by Microsoft is not... Even the support available on phone is not available 24*7. It should be not that after delivery support for the softwares is an important criteria for the customers making any purchase and the lack of best quality support can definitely has a negative influence in the mind of the customer. 2) It is generally seen that the software products offered by Microsoft have compatibility problems when installed on operating systems other than Windows. Moreover, even Windows does not support many softwares provided by other Vendors. This comes as a hindrance to a consumer intending to buy products from different vendors. 3) Microsoft does not disclose the source code for its product which causes a lot of pain to the end user if he/she desires to do some minor modifications to the product obtained by him in case of any bugs found or some extra features needed to him. 4) Microsoft having its presence across the globe has to be very cautious of its legalities, patents, trademarks, codes, products etc and has to keep a close watch on any development in the legal policies for any country throughout the world. Opportunities: 1) Microsoft has started to capture opportunities in attracting the tech savvy youths in developing countries by introducing softwares in their native language rather than English. Microsoft has also given discretionary authority to the respective government to ensure tight vigilance on malpractices such as eavesdropping and phishing emails. 2) Microsoft has made a smart move by venturing into entertainment segment which is the need of the 21st century youngsters by production of game consoles such as XBOX. Threats: 1) As Microsoft has a wide market share in developing and developed nations,

Is digital marketing a force for good or evil Use academic references Essay - 2

Is digital marketing a force for good or evil Use academic references and practical examples to critically address this question - Essay Example Many firms have sought to improve their performance and reach their long term objectives with the aid of new technologies that have since been developed. Marketing sector has not been left out as many managers have been observed to be moving towards marketing strategies that integrate latest technological methods and systems that can largely help reach out to the targeted customers. Brand promotion is one of the areas that have embraced digital approach in marketing and a lot of questions ranging from ethical concerns, micro environmental issues to cooperation. A debate has ensued amongst various players in the socio-economic sector arguing whether digital marketing is good or evil based on the three aforementioned dimensions. This essay aims at critically weighing up both the positive and the negative attributes of digital marketing in order to conclusively take a stand whether it is good or evil. Thesis statement: digital marketing is both good and evil depending on how it is carri ed out. According to Evans and McKee (2010: 35), digital marketing is an element of electronic commerce or e-trading that utilises electronic devices to engage those they target. It is a marketing method that is supported by technology and cushioned by media. Internet is a major player in digital marketing and emails, websites, as well as social media, are used in reaching out to the target customers so they may be allured into purchasing the company’s products. Moreover, digital marketing encircles other electronic platforms that do not use internet such as the television, radio among others to promote businesses. In the recent times, the emergence and broadcasted influence of both social and electronic media have had a substantial Effect in the lives of the society members. People have turned from the analogue ways such as letter writing, poster adverts and other unsophisticated traditional

The Need For Depository Systems In India

The Need For Depository Systems In India With the existence of 23 recognized stock exchanges, Indian capital market has been witnessing rapid growth in recent past. However, this growth has not matched with supporting infrastructure to handle the growing volume of paper that has flooded the market choking and existing system. This has caused problems like delay in transfer, long settlement periods, bad deliveries etc. With the view to globalize Indian capital market in a real sense, the government of India has initiated a number of financial reforms that were initiated in 1991 as part of the structured reforms comprising industrial de-regulation, privatization and globalization. A thigh committee on financial system with Sh. Narsihma Rao as the chairman has set up in 1991, which made for reaching recommendations for banking sector and non-banking financial sector to improve the flexibility and operational efficiency of the markets. Securities Exchange Board of India, Reserve Bank of India, Department of Company Affairs and Ministry of Finance are the important regulatory bodies of the capital market measuring the effective and efficient functioning of the market. SEBI also constituted a number of committees such as G.S. Patel Committee to review the system of carry forward transactions in the stock exchanges, Malegram Committee to review the disclosure practices of companies in primary market, Bhave committee to examine problems pertaining to transport shares. The earlier system, a paper based mode, entails cumbersome legal formalities for the purpose of transfer of securities and settlement of transaction theorem. The earlier system suffered from the following shortcomings, thereby arising the need for depository system, these are Lack of supporting infrastructure, Problems in transactions, Delayed settlements, Soaring costs of transaction, Transactions end up as bad deliveries due to faulty compliance of paper work, mismatch of signatures on transfer deeds with specimen record of the issuer, Theft, mutilation of certificates and other irregularities. The modern system i.e. depository system is the system whereby the transfer and settlement of scrips take place not through transfer deeds and physical delivery of scrips which are traditional but through the modern system of effecting transfer of ownership of securities by means of book entry on the ledgers of the depository without physical movement of scrips. History of stock exchanges The Indian stock markets are nearly 128 years old, with the Bombay stock exchange, the oldest of them functioning since 1875. At present there are 23 recognized stock exchanges. Stock exchanges are the most perfect type of market for securities whether of government and semi-government bodies or other public bodies as also for shares purchases and sales of shares are made in the conditions of the competitions. The bargains that are struck in the trading ring by the members of the stock exchanges are at the fairest prices determined by the basic laws of supply and demand. Development in the capital market The reforms for Indian capital market is mainly focused on market regulation, primary market functioning, secondary markets trading, development of a proper debt securities trading market, development of a derivatives market (futures and options), development of an integrated national market system, technological investment in exchanges, investor protection and more foreign portfolio investment in exchanges. SEBI, the regulatory body of the capital market, has been taking various steps and has introduced various guidelines for the efficient functioning of the market and has also constituted various committees to review the existing system and suggestions for further reforms. Deficiencies in the existing system of Scrips Transfer The existing system, a paper based mode, entails cumbersome legal formalities as per section 108 of Indian Companies Act, 1956, for the purpose for transfer of securities and settlement of transaction there on. The present system suffers from the following shortcomings, thereby arising the need for depository system, these are: Lack of supporting Infrastructure Problem in transactions Global Imperatives Problems in dealing with Securities Greater mobility of Securities Cumbersome legal system Need for depository system Indian capital market has been witnessing rapid growth in recent past. However, this growth has not watched with supporting infrastructure to handle the growing volume of paper that has flooded the market, choking our existing system. This has caused problems like delay in transfers, long settlement period, high levels of failed trade and bad deliveries, high-risk exposure etc. These characteristics were normally the attributes of an under developed market. As the market grows, there is need for better system to ensure that such impediment to growth is removed. The foreign investors seeking to invest in India are also apprehensive about the reliability of the post trade settlement mechanism used in India. The biggest deterrent or bottleneck in Indian capital market was largely manual and paper based settlement system that was obsolete for a rapidly growing market. Since 1992, old trading system in Indian stock exchanges has been under constant review. The main deficiencies have been identified in 2 broad areas: The clearing and settlement system in stock exchanges whereby delivery of shares by the seller and payment by the purchaser is made and Procedure for transfer of shares in the name of the purchaser by the company. The new system has eliminated paper work, facilitated electronic book entry of the transfer of securities, permitted automatic and transparent screen based trading in securities, shorter settlement periods and improved liquidity in investment in securities. All this has given impetus to the growth of the capital market in India. The transactions in a stock exchange, earlier involved physical movement of paper (the share certificate) which first changed hand from the seller to buyer on payment of price and subsequently was sent to the company (issuer of the share) for the change of the ownership of the shares to be incorporated in the books of the company. The process of verification of the ownership of the seller and hence validity of the sale took a long time, disabling the purchaser from the selling the shares further while the shares were being transferred in his or her name. Though section 113 of the Companies Act, 1956, stipulates that the company effects the transfer within 2 m onths. In reality transferring shares in ones name took longer. This delay reduced the liquidity of the investor, as during these times, he/she cannot sell the shares. This has proved particularly inconvenient for large investors for whom fast transfers were essential to maintain the liquidity. Apart from this, physical movement of shares also meant the possibility of theft and loss of shares in transit. The magnitude of the problem has increased manifold as the daily turnover in stock exchange has increased considerably. The average daily turnover of BSE itself amounts to Rs. 500 crores with shares of more than 7500 companies, being traded by more than 650 brokers for more than 30 million investors in the country. This has necessitated the use of better and faster transfer system like computerized records as compared to the physical paper (security) Emergence of Depositories There are two depositories that have emerged in India: National Securities Depositories Limited The Honourable Union Finance Minister, Shri. P. Chidambram inaugurated NSDL as the first depository in the country on Nov 8, 1996. It has been promoted by three premier institutions in India the largest mutual fund UTI, the largest stock exchange NSE of India Ltd. Subsequently, the State Bank of India, the largest commercial bank in India has also taken up a stake in NSDL. NSDL provides for electronic ownership, holding and transfer of securities trading in electronic securities on the NSE commenced in Dec, 96 and the first settlement of transactions in electronic securities was successfully completed at NSDL on Jan 7, 1997. The stock exchange Mumbai BSE also extended the facility of trading in electronic securities from December 27, 1997. NSDL is responsible to every individual to every individual investor who holds electronic balances with the depository. The depository participant acts as an agent of NSDL for providing its services to the investors. NSDL has designed the software for the operating systems in such a way that the software systems at the depository participant office are connected. Thus, a highly integrated set up for maintenance of investor accounts through the DPs has been developed and implemented. NSDL has access to all the accounts of individual maintained by the DPs to ensure adequate control. The operating system of NSDL also maintains continuous electronic connectivity with the registrar and transfer departments/agents of the companies whose securities can be dematerialized in NSDL. To all the investors both retail and institutional, NSDL offers the following services: Maintain beneficial holdings through depository participants. Provide for dematerialization and Rematerialisation of securities Dematerialization Rematerialisation Effect account transfers for settlement of trades Allow for receipt of allotment in the electric form Providing pledging, hypothecation facilities for stocks held with it. Receive and disburse corporate actions (only securities) Central Depositories Services Limited This is the second depository after NSDL. This inter connectivity will be established prior to the commencement of business by CDSL. This will facilitate settlement and movement of assets and custody from one depository to another. CDSL has been promoted by the Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE), in association with Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, HDFC Bank and Stare Bank of India. It has been able to tie up with as many as 35 brokers till now. CDSL and NSDL both have signed a MoU for inter-depository connectivity on 23rd April 1999. The MoU covers the understanding between the depositories for inter-depository transfers arising out of transactions not settled through the CH/CC (off market). The procedure for inter-depository transfers between CDSL and NSDL arising out of transactions settled through a CH/CH (on market) are expected to be finalized separately. The Depositories Act, 1996 The Depositories Act makes a provision for the setting up of multiple depositories in India. The investor has been granted the option of holding securities in a physical or dematerialized from. Thus it is a matter of choice for the investor as to whether he wants to avail of depository services. The depository has been entrusted with the responsibility of indemnifying beneficial owners for any loss caused due to negligence of the depository or its participants. For holding securities in the depository, the two routes that are adopted by depositories world over as: Immobilization In this the depository holds the securities in the physical form in its own vaults, but transfer of securities takes place through book entries. Dematerialization In this the securities in physical form are shredded and corresponding credit is made in the form of electronic balances that are maintained in the depository account. The concept of a depository has made a late entry into our country so we are fortunate to have the advantage o hindsight gained from the experience of other depositories the world over as well as adopting the latest technology. Thus, the law in our country has preferred the demat route. The demat securities will be identical and interchangeable as they will not have any unique characteristics such as distinctive number of folio. The depository will facilitate dematerialization of securities. The investor has the option of holding securities in the physical form or in the depository form. He can choose not to opt for depository system by requesting issue of physical certificates. The depository will, thus provide for Rematerialisation. All rights with respect to the securities held in the depository will be with the beneficial owner (investor) and not with the depository, the depository acting as the registered owner only. When transacting through a depository, the investor will not be required to pay stamp duty on transfer of shares within the depository. The depository will interface with the investors through market intermediaries called DPs. The depository will hold beneficial owner the level in formation through its network of DPs. The depository is obliged to provide this information to the issuer company or its registrar and transfer agent at regular intervals. This will facilitate proper distribution of benefits arising out of the investors holdings such as dividend, interest, bonus and rights as on a given record date by the issuer company or its registrar and transfer agent. The SEBI Regulations, 1996 Based on the depositories ordinance, SEBI has notified regulations on 16th May 1996, which specify the norms for functioning and operations of depositories. The depository system is very similar to banking environment. Thus, while a bank performs the function of holding, transferring and allowing withdrawal of funds, a depository performs the function of holding, transferring and allowing withdrawal of securities. A bank reaches out to the masses by setting up its branches. Similarly, a depository reaches out to the general investor through its agents that are the DPs. The regulations have selected various categories of market participants, who are eligible to become DPs and have a well-established customer interface network and are therefore the ideal choice to become the agents of a depository. The categories are: Public Financial Institutions Scheduled Banks RBI approved Foreign Banks operating in India. State Financial Corporations Certified custodians of securities Clearing corporations of stock exchanges Registered stock brokers Non-Banking Financial Companies. Entities desiring to become DPs must apply to the depository and are required to be recommended to SEBI by the depository. If approved and registered by the SEBI, the DP can be admitted on to the depository. The depository has to formulate its own set of criteria for selection of participants. The regulations require the depository to list out through its byelaws the securities, which are eligible to be admitted to depository for dematerialization. Equity shares, debentures, warrant, bonds, units of mutual funds etc. are part of list of eligible securities. The depository is empowered to set its own criteria for selection of securities and make securities eligible to be maintained in the form of electronic holdings on the holdings of the depository. Agreements should be entered into by the following entities: Depository and every participant Participant and every client Depository, issuer company and the registrar The drafts of these agreements are to be included in the byelaws and to be approved by SEBI. It is important that participants are connected to the depository through a continuous electronic communication system. The same is true for registrars or corporates communicating with the depository. In addition, for enabling settlements of securities, the depository is also to be connected electronically to clearing entities. This imposes the need for automatic data processing systems with necessary security features and forms one of the criteria for selecting securities for dematerialization. The depository required to ensure that sufficient safeguards are there to protect the data available with it and with the participants. To reduce risk in operations, the regulations stipulate that the depository and DPs must provide for, adequate insurance cover as well. Since the depository acts as the source of information for the registrar in terms of providing beneficial ownership details, the depository has to reconcile data internally with the participants to ensure validity of data. The regulations require this reconciliation to be carried out on a daily basis. Further the depositories and the registrar will also reconcile balances on a daily basis and periodic basis. SHOWING THE DEPOSITORY INTERFACE WITH THE INVESTOR AND THEIR BUSINESS PARTNERS NSDL ISSUER RT AGENT CLEARING HOUSE CLEARING MEMBER DEPOSITORY PARTICIPANT STOCK EXCHANGE TRADING MEMBER INVESTOR NSDL is electronically linked to its DPs, the RT department of the issuer co. and the clearing corporation/ clearing house of the stock exchange. This is done in order to facilitate the settlement of trades and to perform a dealing reconciliation of all the accounts balances with NSDL. The entire system is called the NEST (National Electronic Settlement Transfer) system. Thus a higher integrated set up for maintenance of investor accounts has been developed and implemented. Constituents of Depository System Depository Depository Participant Beneficial Owner Issuer Benefits/Advantages of Depository System Benefits of depository system are: To the Nation Growing and more liquid capital markets to provide financing and development stemming from more efficient post trade systems with reduced transactions costs. Increase in competitiveness in the International market place and attracting investors and fund managers by complying with stipulated international standard for and efficient and risk free trading environment. Improved prospects for privatization of public sector units by creating a conducting environment. Restoration of faith in the capital market on the participants with system to minimize settlement risk and frauds. Considerable reduction in the delay in registration which can currently impact trading. To the Investing Public Reduction of risks associated with loss, mutilations, theft and forgery or physical scrips. Elimination of financial loss owing to loss of physical scrips. Greater liquidity from speedier settlements and reduction in delays in registration. Faster receipt benefit and rights resulting from corporate action. Improved production of shareholder rights resulting from more timely communication from the issuers. Reduced transactions costs through greater efficiency. To issuer Upto date knowledge of shareholders names and addresses. Savings in costs of new issuers from reduction in printing and distribution costs. Increase in efficiency of registrars and transfer agent functions Better facilities for communication with shareholders conveying benefits of corporate actions and information notices. Improved ability to attract international investors without having to incur the expenditure of issuance in overseas market. Objectives of the study To know the perception and viewpoint of the investors regarding depository system. To know the satisfaction level of investors regarding depository services. Related Researches Alton (1994) found the principles of converting shares into dematerialized form. He also commented that with a grand start the concept of demat of shares in Indian Market is all pervasive and set to conquer the stock market. George (1996) studied the growth and the dematerialization of products and found that the concept of dematerialization is coming at a very fast pace. Kumar (1998) studied the advantages of dematerialization and opening of Demat account. He also compared the effect on trading of shares of the companies have dematerialized their shares and who have not dematerialized their shares. Mittal (1998) presented an extensive information on dematerialization of shares, their advantages, investor grievances and insurance aspect related to dematerialized shares and found that a very large potential of dematerialization of shares exists in the Indian Market. Cholamandalam (1998) conducted research on requirements to be fulfilled by a company to get its shares listed at a depository so that they can be easily dealt in dematerialized form. Hughes India Limited (1999) conducted a research to study the benefits and drawbacks, which are to be borne in mind by company that is planning to dematerialize its shares and get them registered with NSDL. Law (1999) in his article Depository Revolution has discussed that depository is not just removing fake shares and bad deliveries from the capital market but to prove a great catalyst for reform. The depository is a reality today. The concept of depository is set to revolutionize trading practices, reduce transaction costs and increase investor safety. Kumar (1998) in his Article Demat trading simpler the better has shed light on the different fees structure charged by NSDL from depository participants and by depository participants from the investors. NSDL charges nominal fees under three heads i.e. transaction fees in case of purchases, custody fees and rematerialisation fees. Gajra (1999) in his article Claim your rights has provided us the useful information that the investors get the compensation or the loss due to the depository participants mistake. The investors for protecting their return should give debit instruction to their DPs for sale at least a day or two before settlement day. Then the investor has to look for an instruction carried out properly. If he failed to get it, then he should approach NSDL, for arbitration. DPs are personally liable for their losses. This article was given in regard when SCHIL, one of the largest DPs failed to transmit instructions of its investor-clients to NSDL on time before settlement pay in. Saikia (1999) in his article Compulsory demat within a year has shed light on the views expressed by Ministry of Finance that one year has been set in adopting the full demat route for primary and secondary market shares. Research Methodology The study is based on descriptive research design. The primary data was collected and used for the research purpose. Primary data was collected by survey with the help of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered by the personal interview i.e. questions were asked from the respondents in a face-to-face meeting and the study was conducted with the help of pre-structured non-disguised questionnaire. Respondents were interviewed with the help of structured questionnaire. An investor residing and availing Depository Services in Ludhiana was taken as a sample. In the present study, non-probability sampling technique i.e. convenience sampling is used to collect the sample. Here in the study, population consists of all the investors of Ludhiana and a sample of investors have been taken from it. It is a convenience sampling because the respondent investors are chosen from those who happened to visit the office of a particular broker and the brokers themselves. The respondents were interviewed with a structural questionnaire by the researcher. A smaller sample but well selected sample may be superior to a larger but badly selected sample. A total of 100 respondents were selected from the city for the study. Investors ranked various advantages of depository. Rank was determined by computing the weighted average i.e. 4 points were attached to rank first, 3 points to rank second, 2 points to rank third and 1 point to rank fourth. Then for calculating ranks for various advantages, points allotted by investors were added and divided by 100 i.e. sample size. The advantage with the highest weighted average was ranked first and the advantage with the lowest weighted average was ranked fourth i.e. last. Similarly, the investors ranked problems faced by investors in depository system. Weighted average method was used. For rating the satisfaction level regarding depository services and the investors view point regarding depository system, weighted average method as well as factor analysis were used. The points were given as such. For highly satisfied +2, for satisfied +1, for indifferent 0, for dissatisfied -1 and for highly dissatisfied -2. Results of the Study Respondents Profile As per the study, majority respondents were professional i.e. 33% such as C.As, MBAs and C.S., where as 22% were post-graduates and the remaining 45% were graduates. The study found that majority of the investors i.e. 46% belonged to age group 30 or less than 40. 18% of the investors were belonging to age group 20 or less than 30, 26% of the investors were belonging to the age group 40 or less than 50 and 10% of the investors belong to the age group 50 or more. As per the study majority of the respondents i.e. 44% of the investors were found operating in the capital markets for 6 years or more. Whereas 29% of the investors have been operating for 4 years of less than 6 years, 18% have been operating for 2 years or less than 4 years and the remaining 9% have been operating for less than 2 years. As per the study, majority of the respondents had opened their demat accounts in year 2000 and 1999. The Different Sources Of Information From Where The Investors Came To Know About The Depository System. Sources of Information No. Of Investors Percentage Brokers 42 42 Friends 6 6 Newspapers Magazines 36 36 T.V. Programmes 2 2 Others 14 14 Total 100 100 As per the study, majority respondents had brokers, newspapers and magazines as the best source of information regarding depository system. The Depository Participants With Whom The Investors Had Opened Up Their Demat Account Depository Participants No. Of Investors Percentage SHCIL 30 30 Master Capital 22 22 LSE Securities 16 16 Karvy Consultants 18 18 Others 14 14 Total 100 100 The study revealed that Majority participants had opened their accounts with Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited followed by Master Capital, Karvy Consultants, LSE Securities and other depositary participants. The Reasons For Opening Demat Account With Particular DP By The Investor The respondents were asked to tick the various factors being considered for opening demat account with a particular DP. Reasons Percentage Nearness to location 15 Fast transaction 30 Infrastructure Facility 25 Good client dealing 15 Goodwill of the Organization 10 Others 05 Total 100 As per the study, the major factor contributing in selecting the depository was Fast Transaction followed by other factors such as Availability of Proper Infrastructure, Client Dealing, Goodwill of the organization, approachability etc. The Ranking Given By The Investors To Various Advantages Of Depository System Advantages Mean Scores Ranking No scope for any risk of loss, theft or fraud regarding share certificates 1.32 1 Investment is highly liquid 1.96 2 No stamp duty 3.9 4 Bad deliveries are almost eliminated 2.82 3 The study found that majority of the investors were of the view that the depository system would overcome the chances of loss, theft or fraud as a first advantage followed by other such as liquid investments, elimination of bad deliveries and absence of stamp duties. The Ranks Being Given By Investors To Different Problems Of Depository Services. Problems Mean Scores Ranking Not fully aware of the mechanism 3.64 4 Fear of enquiries from Income Tax Department 2.45 3 Increase in transactions costs 2.27 2 Difficulty in maintaining accounts 2.25 1 Increased paper work 4.39 5 As per the study the investors thought maintenance of accounts as a major problem of Depository System and ranked it at first place. The study highlighted the other problems such as increase in the cost of transaction, fear of enquiries from Income Tax Department, not full awareness about the system and increased paper work. Satisfaction Level Of The Investors Regarding Depository Services Attributes Mean Scores Satisfaction Level Dealing of DPs 1.6 Highly Satisfied Fees structure of DPs 0.94 Satisfied Service time of DPs 0.32 Indifferent Infrastructure Facilities of DPs 0.97 Satisfied Dematerialization/Rematerialisation procedure 1.14 Satisfied The study found that the investors were highly satisfied with dealing of Depository participants and satisfied from other services such as fee structure, infrastructure facilties and demateralisation/rematerialisation procedures. However, many of the respondents were found indifferent from service timings of DPs. The Investors View Regarding The Different Factors Of Depository Services Sr. No. Factors Mean Scores View Point 1 More transparency in depository system 2 Strongly Agree 2 Fear of losing physical possession of share certificates -1.36 Disagree 3 More cost involved in opening, maintaining and closing of demat account 1.05 Agree 4 Manipulation done by DPs and Brokers -0.02 Indifferent 5 Burden on small investor has been increased 0.21 Indifferent 6 Cost of Depository System matches with the revenues from it 1.22 Agree 7 Demat process is a lengthy one 1.14 Agree 8 Business for brokers has been increased 1.58 Strongly Agree 9 Need of single Depository 0.02 Indifferent 10 Demat has a bright future

John Locke and Human Nature :: Second Treatise on Civil Government

In The Second Treatise of Government, Locke defines political power, discusses the inalienable birth-rights of man, and the need for both in the formation of a legitimate government. John Locke’s The Second Treatise of Government defines a legitimate government in relation to the protection of inalienable rights. He views a valid government as one which upholds his three main natural laws of life, liberty and property. In defining political power, Locke insists that it is proper to make laws â€Å"for the regulating and preserving of property,† and adds, that if necessary, â€Å"the execution of such laws, and in the defense of the common-wealth [sic] from foreign injury.† This is needed â€Å"for the public good.† (Locke, Sec. III) Defined, Locke’s political power is the ability to uphold a constitution. Locke’s reasoning for the creation of a government arises in the need to protect life, liberty and justice. Locke concludes that â€Å"the reason why men enter into society, is the preservation of their property; and the end why they choose and authorize a legislative,† but adds that the citizens â€Å"have a right to resume their original liberty †¦ by the establishment of a new legislative† (Locke, Sec. CCXXI) when those rights are threatened. The protection of life, liberty and justice then becomes the reason for a â€Å"new legislative.† The value Locke places on property is only furthered in his discussion of the will of the populace. Locke discusses in his chapter Of the Beginning of Political Societies the effect which the majority has on the betterment of the community: â€Å"For when any number of Men have, by the consent of every individual, made a Community, the have thereby made that Community one Body, with a Power to Act as one Body, which is only by the will and determination of the majority† (Locke, Sec.

Toyota Production System and Kanban System

This article was downloaded by: [210. 212. 186. 193] On: 17 July 2012, At: 23:18 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of Production Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www. tandfonline. com/loi/tprs20 Toyota production system and Kanban system Materialization of just-in-time and respect-for-human system Y.SUGIMORI , K. KUSUNOKI , F. CHO & S. UCHIKAWA a a a a a Production Control Department, Toyota Motor Co. , Ltd, 1 Toyota-cho, Toyota-shi, 471, Japan. Version of record first published: 28 Mar 2007 To cite this article: Y. SUGIMORI, K. KUSUNOKI, F. CHO & S. UCHIKAWA (1977): Toyota production system and Kanban system Materialization of just-in-time and respect-for-human system, International Journal of Production Research, 15:6, 553-564 To link to this article: h ttp://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/00207547708943149PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www. tandfonline. com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date.The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. INT. J. PROD. RES. , 1977, VOL. 15, No. 6, 553-564 Toyota production system and Kanban sy stem Materialization of just-in-time and respect-for-human system Y. SUGIMORIt, K. KUSUNOKIt, F.OHOt and 8. UOHIKAWAt The Toyota Production System and Kanban System introduced in this paper was developed by the Vice-President of Toyota Motor Company. Mr. Taiichi Ohno, and it was under his guidance that these unique production systems have become deeply rooted in Toyota Moter Company in the past 20 years. There are two major distinctive features in these systems. One of these is the' just-in-time production I, a specially important factor in an assembly industry such as automotive manufacturing. In. this type of production,

Why Do People Attend College or University?

Why do people attend college or university? After high school graduated, many people will get a job and work in our society. But also many people will choose to attend college or university. If I have a chance in the future, I will definitely go to college. There are two reasons that I think why people will attend college or university. One is can learn more knowledge. Another one is to get a higher paying job. First of all, things that people learn from high school are very basic and shallow.For example, in history class, we might know that George Washington led his army won war and United States became independent. We all got this, but we didn’t know what he did in detail. So we couldn’t say we already get all of that, it was piece of cake. That is wrong. Thus, people will continue to study more and then the better for that is go to college or university. Also some people may want to learn a special skill like how to fix a car, and then they will go to the mechanic un iversity.There are various types of subjects that you can learn more from college or university, just people want to improve themselves. Moreover, people have studied in college or university can get a better opportunity in finding a job when they step into the society formally. Like some people are not so well-off, they will have an idea, â€Å"I need to working harder than the other students. † This thinking brings them into college or university. So they may get a college diploma, master degree, or doctor degree later.So when they apply for a job, the chance they can get into the good company is easier. For instance, to be a manager in the John Hancock Tower, you must get a good salary like more than $8000. The reason to get a higher paying job is to improve your own life. All in all, I think people apply for college or university because of those two reasons. But also you can meet a lot of intelligent friends, who can help you in the future, and you will become a good boy or girl with them by the influence form those friends. But anyway, â€Å"no pain, no gain. †

TASTE OF SALT essays

TASTE OF SALT essays This story takes place in the slums of Haiti. In a hospital bed, lays Djo, beaten and hardly alive. Djo is an innocent victim of a political firebombing. The Macoutes, or the bad guys, pour gasoline in and on the camps of the followers of Aristide. They rob and slaughter the members of the camps. He is also a vital member of Father Jean Bertrand Aristides. Father Aristide, or as the local Haitians call him, Titid, sends Jeremie to Djo. She has a tape recorder with her. Jeremie is there to listen and to tape Djos story as from a little child to present date. Djo tells her of how he was raised in Cit Soleil, a very poor and large part of Port-au-Prince. Djo lived in a one room house witch was a stall for a motor car, or a garage. He lives with his mother, father, two sisters and two brothers, also his cousin Lally. All of the children sleep in one bed together and the mother and father have a bed of their own. His family is very poor, just like the rest of the citizens of Port-au-Prince. During the story, Djo finds Aristide. Aristide, or as Djo calls him, Titid, is the first democratically elected president of Haiti. He is a Salesian priest whose first and continuing ministry has been among the poor of Port-au-Prince. Father Aristide wants Haiti to become better. He wants people to live decent lives, with food everyday, and clean water to drink. People like Djo and Jeremie are the one who try to overthrow military dictatorship in Haiti. I think that Djo is a very determined man. He was poor all of life and didnt just feel bad for himself. He rised above it to actually do something about the terrible case of poverty in his country. Djo almost gave his life to overthrow the militia government. Everyone who heard his story, because it was amazingly full of courage loved him. Salt tastes rancid and bitter. So, Francis Temple relates the taste of salt with the lives of the Haitians. In other words, &q...

Outline the factors which could contribute to employee stress in the Essay

Outline the factors which could contribute to employee stress in the workplace. Discuss what possible measures could be taken to reduce stress in employees - Essay Example Yassi asserts that there are five basic factors that result in workplace stress, these include: factors that are inconsistent with the job, position in the institute, development of career, relationships that are interpersonal in nature and structure of the organization (MINER, 2002, p.344). The first factor is related to an employee’s ability to cope with number of operational working hours, desired rate of production, the environment of the organization that can be seen, and the quality of work expected by the mangers of the organization. For example: individuals who work late at night experience deterioration of health due to sleepless nights. The second factors are related to the hierarchical level of the organization in which an employee is operating. Individuals who are situated at the top level of an organization are expected to experience more stress as their responsibility is much greater than those working in the lower level of the management (BLONNA, 2010, p.53). Fo r example: Those in the top level of the management have to perform several tasks at the same time. The third factor is related to the how secure the job is for an individual and whether there are promotional benefits offered by the organization or not. For example: employees are unsure whether they will be able to keep their jobs if changes in technology are implemented by the organization. The fourth factor of stress is related to the relationship of the employee with other employees of the organization and the management level of the organization. An organization itself is a society where different elements have to interact with each other to ensure that the entire unit operates in a collective manner. If employees do not interact with each other and help each other, work pressure increases and results in stress. Organizational environment is a major

Motivation, Emotion, and Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivation, Emotion, and Learning - Essay Example After the end of the three days, the frequency of each emotion experienced across the total reporting period and on preset times on each day (For example, anger=1, joy=2, sad=1, anxious=3, etc.) was calculated. Thereafter an analysis was made of the physiological (internal and expressive body changes) and cognitive (specific thoughts occurring during an emotion) components of emotions in the experience. Findings are reported below. There are several psychological frameworks that define and operationally emotion (e.g., Izard 1977; Mehrabian and Russell 1974; Plutchik 1980). The present research uses Izard's framework which "assumes that separate and discrete emotions exist and that each has measurable, experiential, and motivational properties" (Izard 1972, p. 85). In his Differential Emotions Theory Izard (1972) conceptualizes ten fundamental emotions: joy, surprise, anger, disgust, contempt, shame, guilt, fear, interest, and sadness. Given the fact that the time period chosen was that of three consecutive days and observation points comprised of preset 7 vantage time periods on each day it was inevitable that the felt emotions would source from out of major events that either preceded these days or occurred during these days. The predominant emotions observed during the period were Anger (15), Contempt (16), Disgust (11) and Interest (12).It was observed that the first three had occurred in tandem as they were basically caused by a single event. The last interest was caused by a separate event. There were two events that had primarily originated the predominant emotions in the observation period. The event causing disgust, anger and contempt in tandem involved a gory media reporting of a riot involving a crowd in a developing country .The graphic images shown over media had immersed in attention span substantially and a lot of time was spent analyzing this event which explains the high frequency of the three emo tions felt in tandem. Interest was evinced by another event which involved receiving a personal bursary from my distantly related uncle who was arriving from UK to assess me for the grant of this bursary. Anger invariably resulted in racing of heart and tightening of arm muscles. A little tightening was felt in thigh muscles as well. The eyes got a little blood shot with bleary affect. However despite all these effects all senses seem to sharpen with anger. Disgust essentially produced tightening of stomach muscles. It was accompanied by eyebrow pull up and screwing of eyes. Contempt produced physical effects quite similar to those produced by anger with the difference that fists formed almost involuntarily and teeth clenched hard, as the contempt emotion traversed from one end to the other. Interest emotion was accompanied by widening of eyes and slight outward popping of eyeballs. A small blush spread from middle of the cheek to the top edge of both ear lobes indicating rush of